Computer Fundamentals Note

Agenda-
1.   Computer
2.   Types of Computer
3.   Parts of Computer System
4.   Information processing Cycle
5.   Essential Computer Hardware
6.   Software
7.   Characteristics of Computer/Features of Computer
8.   Basic Organization of Computer  


Computer
A computer is an electronic device that takes some data as input, processes it, and give us output as information. It comes from the word “compute” Which means to calculate.


Types of a Computer

There are two types of computer-
1.   Individual use
2.   Computer for organization


Individual use:                                                                                       
·Desktop Computer                                                                       
·Notebook
·Workstation
·Tablet PC/stylus
· Smartphone
· Handheld PC. PDA(personal digital Assistant)


Computer for Organization:
· Network Server
· Mainframe Computer/Terminal
· Mini Computer
· Super Computer

Parts of Computer System

Ø Hardware
Ø Software
Ø Data
Ø User

Information Processing Cycle

Ø Input
Ø Processing
Ø Output
Ø Storage

Essential Computer Hardware

Ø Processor (CU+ALU)
Ø Memory (RAM+ROM)
Ø Input and Output Device
Ø Storage (Magnetic, Optical)

 

CU- Control Unit
ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit
RAM- Random Access Memory
ROM-Read Only Memory

Software

Ø  System Software (Operating systems- windows xp, windows 7,8,10)

Ø Application Software (Microsoft Office, Media player, PDF Reader etc.)


Characteristics of Computer/ Features of Computer

1.   Automatic
2. Speed (10-6 microseconds, 10-9 nanoseconds, 10-12 picoseconds)
3.   Accuracy
4.   Diligence
5.   Versatility
6.   Power of remembering
7.   No I.Q
8.   No feelings

Basic Organization of Computer

 
Basic Organization of Computer


 

Five Basic Operation of Computer System:

·        Inputting
·        Storing
·        Processing
·        Outputting
·        Controlling